- Sand dune Ecosystem: made up of a number of populations (like all ecosystems) which then form the community and habitat.

- The fence runs through the middle which slits the sand dune area into two regions. One region is ‘Grazed’ by cattle and the other is ‘not grazed’

- Quadrating - (Quadrat = squares) Using string/wood/metal to make a square grid. Usually about 0.25m by 0.25m (or up to 1m by 1m)

- Quadrat used to sample the area and count the number of individuals here. The process is repeated a few times. This is done to get an estimate of the population size.

- Overall, Quadrating are a method or sampling different locations of population can be compared in the two locations.