Obj 4.9

1.CO2 from Atmosphere. .03 of atmosphere
Photosynthesis – reducing the atmosphere CO2



2.Producers eaten by primary consumers.
PC takes in the carbon from the producer to put back together its own body materials (grows)
Primary Consumers eaten by secondary consumer..etc




3.Each organism carries out the process of respiration.
respiration adds CO2to the atmosphere.
All organisms are putting carbon into the atmosphere through respiration



4.Death of organisms
Organic molecules that remain are broken down by the decomposer organism (bacteria and fungi) results rerelease of CO2 back to atmosphere



5. Fossil fuel (compression and pressure of animals) results in formation of oils and coals. Which are combusted to release co2
e.g. 1. industrial/motor vehicle
2. Naturally: lightning striking vegetation – forest fires and grassland fires.

Obj 4.14

By Pollution
Molecules such as Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour (greenhouse gasses). These gases will increase the concentration in the upper atmosphere. And the consequences are the infer red light from the planet surface would be readmitted constantly back to the surface (rather than escaping) this cause a raise in the average global temperature = Global warming.
Consequences
- Malting of ice caps
- Raise in sea levels
- Ocean currents change
- Change the way Wind generated
- Distribution of the world’s Biomes (‘Ecosystem’)
- Deserts expand

Obj 4.13

1. Human activities i.e burning of fossil fuels results in the formation of CO2/NO2/ SO2 (greenhouse gasses)
They absorb infer red light and they will redistribute it back towards the planet
Fossil fuels from factories (industrial) and vehicles and burning of coals (domestic)
2. Farming. –Cows admit ethane gas into atmosphere (Around 9% of greenhouse gasses)
3. Evaporation of water  water vapour (Clouds)
4. Refrigeration/ Solvents/ propellants.
CFC (Chlorine, Florine, Carbon) i.e CCL3F

Obj 4.12

obj 4.11

Sulphur dioxide ( SO2 – gas)

Combustion of fossil fuels in factories (ie coals and oils) gives off the gas SO2
Also in vehicle the combustion of oils/petrol/gas also contributes

In atmosphere SO2 +H2O -> sulphuric acid
Condenses to form clouds and when it rains we call this acid rain.
Acid rain affects plants and animals
Trees and plants are often ‘burned’ (tops of trees)
Acid rain causes Ca2+ and mag 2+ to be LEACHED out of soil (plant can’t obtain magnesium or calcium in plant which means the plant can’t grow)
Effect of acid rain in lakes (enters strems which then form lakes) reduce the pH which releases the Al3+ ions. Which affect the rate of fish deaths. The aluminum causes the thickening of the mucus which lines the sides of the fish’s gills, which reduces the fish ability to take oxygen from water = suffocation (death)

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Fossil fuels (coal/gas) are burned with insufficient oxygen which creates CO
Carbon monoxide (CO) combined with the hemoglobin which is formed in the Red Blood cells and forms a molecule called Carbamino hemoglobin (blocks hemoglobin from carrying O2, reduced 02 circulations.) Is Toxic = causes death